Auxiliary plots for navigation paper

Introduction

This page contains some auxiliary information on the paper

Sonnleitner, C., & Hobiger, T. (n.d.). Wide-area multilateration airspace surveillance with unsynchronized low-cost ADS-B receivers using TDOA observations. NAVIGATION: Journal of the Institute of Navigation.

As quite a lot of figures have been produced that break the frame of the paper but still contain useful insights they are given here.

Dilution of precision analysis

To give better insights into the performance of the system, the horizontal and vertical diution of precision (DOP) values are displayed for the different ground station placement types below. We decided to depict the DOP values at altitudes of

3km, which is in the range of the beginning of approach to land
10km to represent typical cruise altitudes.

The signal range was set to 220km just like in the simulations and signal loss due to horizon culling was taken into account. The DOP values have been derived from the observation model matrix \(H\) of a single aircraft and the time difference of arrival (TDOA) observations.

From the plots where the ground stations are placed in the largest cities one can observe that there are areas without coverage.

3km altitude:

10km altitude:
3km altitude:

10km altitude:
3km altitude:

10km altitude:
3km altitude:

10km altitude:

Simulations

Overview

The simulations presented in the paper are:

Observation types		Ground stations		TOA measurement uncertainty	Clocks	Identifier
TDOA	ADS-B pos	#	Placement	TOA measurement uncertainty	Clocks	Identifier
✅		42	Grid placed 120km	100ns	Perfect	T_G42-P
✅		42	Grid placed 120km	100ns	SI532	T_G42-S
✅		56	Grid placed 100km	100ns	SI532	T_G56-S
✅		42	Grid placed 120km	1us	SI532	T_G42-S-1u
✅	✅	42	Grid placed 120km	100ns	SI532	TP_G42-S
✅		60	Largest cities	100ns	Perfect	T_C60-P
✅		40	Largest cities	100ns	SI532	T_C40-S
✅		60	Largest cities	100ns	SI532	T_C60-S
✅	✅	40	Largest cities	100ns	SI532	TP_C40-S